Rockwell-automation 1746-BAS BASIC LANGUAGE User Manual Page 15
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1 Publication 1746-RM001A-US-P
Chapter
1
Language Elements
This chapter introduces you to the elements of a BASIC program. These elements
include BASIC:
• line numbers
• statements, commands, and operators
• line length
Character Set
BASIC programs are composed of a group of BASIC program lines. Each BASIC
program line is composed of a group of ASCII characters. Refer to Appendix A for
a complete listing of ASCII character codes.
The BASIC Program Line
BASIC program lines consist of a BASIC line number and BASIC statements and
operators. BASIC program lines are restricted to the BASIC line length.
BASIC Line Numbers
We refer to BASIC line numbers as:
[ln num]
BASIC line numbers indicate the order that the program lines are stored in
memory and are also used as references when branching and editing. This number
may be any whole integer from 1 to 65535. Typically you start numbering BASIC
programs with line number 10 and increment by 10. This allows you to add
additional lines later as you work on your program.
Since the computer runs the statements in numerical order, additional lines need
not appear in consecutive order on the screen. If you enter line 35 after line 40, the
computer still runs line 35 after line 30 and before line 40. This technique saves
you from reentering an entire program if you forget to include a line.
IMPORTANT
The first line of your program must be a comment.
- BASIC Language 1
- Important User 2
- Information 2
- Table of Contents 3
- Table of Contents ii 4
- Table of Contents iii 5
- Chapter 11 6
- Chapter 12 6
- Table of Contents v 7
- Table of Contents vi 8
- Who Should Use This 9
- Purpose of this Manual 10
- How to Use this Manual 11
- Terms and Abbreviations 12
- Conventions Used in this 12
- Rockwell Automation 13
- P-6 14
- Language Elements 15
- BASIC Line Length 16
- Data Types 17
- Example 1 18
- Example 2 18
- Example 3 18
- Numeric Data Types 19
- Variables 20
- Variable Names 21
- Variable Types 21
- 2-6 Data Types 22
- Expressions and Operators 23
- Expressions and 24
- Operators 24
- Hierarchy of Operators 25
- Arithmetic Operators 25
- Divide ( / ) 26
- Exponentiation ( **) 26
- Multiply ( * ) 26
- Subtract ( - ) 26
- Negation ( - ) 26
- Overflow and Division by Zero 27
- Logical Operators 28
- Relational Operators 29
- Trigonometric Operators 30
- Functional Operators 31
- INT([expr]) 32
- SGN([expr]) 32
- SQR([expr]) 32
- Logarithmic Operators 33
- String Operators 34
- CHR([expr]) 36
- Special Function 37
- CBY([expr]) 38
- DBY([expr]) 38
- XBY([expr]) 39
- BASIC Commands 41
- Control-C 44
- CALL 18 – Re-enable the 45
- Control-C Break 45
- Function 45
- CALL 19 – Disable the 46
- Control-S 47
- Control-Q 48
- 4-12 BASIC Commands 52
- BASIC Commands 4-13 53
- 4-16 BASIC Commands 56
- >PROG1 56
- BASIC Commands 4-17 57
- >PROG2 57
- Variations 63
- 4-26 BASIC Commands 66
- >XFER 66
- Command Line CALLs 67
- CALL 74 – 68
- Battery-Backed RAM 68
- CALL 77 – Protected 68
- Variable Storage 68
- CALL 81 – User Memory 69
- Module Check and 69
- Description 69
- CALL 82 – Check User 70
- Memory Module Map 70
- CALL 101 – Upload User 70
- Memory Module Code to 70
- CALL 103 – Print PRT1 71
- Output Buffer and 71
- CALL 104 – Print PRT1 72
- Input Buffer and Pointer 72
- CALL 109 – Print 73
- Argument Stack 73
- CALL 110 – Print PRT2 74
- Output Buffer Pointer 74
- CALL 111 – Print PRT2 74
- Input Buffer Pointer 74
- Command Line CALLs 5-9 75
- >CALL 111 75
- PRT2 Input Queue 75
- Assignment Functions 77
- Control Functions 85
- DO-WHILE 87
- DO-UNTIL 88
- FOR-TO-(STEP)-NEXT 90
- IF-THEN-ELSE 92
- 7-12 Control Functions 96
- Functions 97
- CALL 16 – Enable DF1 98
- Packet Interrupt 98
- CALL 17 – Disable DF1 99
- CALL 20 – Enable 99
- CALL 21 – Disable 100
- Processor Interrupt 100
- CALL 26 – Module 100
- Interrupt 100
- CALL 38 – Expanded 101
- ONERR Restart 101
- Publication 1746-RM001A-US-P 102
- PUSH [0 or 1] 103
- CALL 70 – ROM to RAM 104
- Program Transfer 104
- CALL 71 – ROM/RAM to 105
- ROM Program Transfer 105
- CALL 72 – RAM/ROM 105
- Program in ROM 1 106
- Program in ROM 3 106
- With ROM 1 selected: 106
- Examples 107
- ON-GOSUB 110
- CALL 14 – 16-Bit Signed 117
- Integer to BASIC 117
- Floating-Point 117
- CALL 25 – BASIC 119
- Floating-Point to 16-Bit 119
- CALL 88: BASIC 120
- Floating-Point to SLC 120
- CALL 89: SLC 121
- Floating-Point to BASIC 121
- POP converted value 122
- IMPORTANT 122
- Clock/Calendar Functions 123
- CALL 41 – Set Clock/ 124
- Calendar Date 124
- CALL 42 – Set Day of 125
- CALL 43 – Retrieve Date/ 126
- Time String 126
- CALL 44 – Retrieve Date 126
- CALL 45 – Retrieve Time 127
- CALL 46 – Retrieve Time 128
- CALL 47 – Retrieve Day 128
- CALL 48 – Retrieve Day 129
- CALL 52 – Retrieve Date 129
- PUSH [string number] 130
- Status Functions 131
- CALL 36 – Get Number of 132
- Characters in PRT2 132
- CALL 51 – Check CPU 133
- Output Image Buffer 133
- CALL 55 – Check CPU 134
- Input Image Buffer 134
- CALL 58 – Check M0 File 135
- CALL 59 – Check M1 File 136
- CALL 75 – Check SLC 500 137
- Controller CPU Status 137
- CALL 80 – Check Battery 138
- Condition 138
- CALL 86 – Check DH485 138
- Interface File Remote 138
- Write Status 138
- CALL 87 – Check DH485 139
- Read Status 139
- CALL 95 – Get Number of 140
- Characters in PRT1 140
- Buffers 140
- CALL 97 – Enable Port 141
- PRT2 DTR Signal 141
- CALL 98 – Disable Port 141
- CALL 108 – Enable DF1 142
- Driver Communications 142
- Status Functions 11-13 143
- 11-14 Status Functions 144
- Status Functions 11-15 145
- Full-Duplex Modem (FDM) 146
- Status Functions 11-17 147
- CALL 113 – Disable DF1 148
- CALL 120 – Clear module 148
- Input and Output Buffers 148
- CALL 121 – Get SLC 149
- Processor Program ID 149
- CALL 121 150
- POP [program ID number] 150
- Output Functions 151
- CALL 23 – Transfer Data 152
- Port 1 or 2 152
- 12-4 Output Functions 154
- Output Functions 12-5 155
- CALL 28 – Write to 156
- Remote DH485 SLC Data 156
- • 2 - SLC Typed Write 158
- • 0 - CPU output image file 159
- • 1 - CPU M0 file 159
- • 2 - Internal string 159
- handshaking 160
- >1 REM EXAMPLE PROGRAM 161
- CALL 29 – Read/Write to 163
- Module Internal String 163
- CALL 31 – Display 164
- Current PRT2 Port Setup 164
- CALL 37 – Clear PRT2 165
- Input/Output Buffers 165
- CALL 54 – Transfer 165
- BASIC Output Buffer to 165
- CPU Input Image 165
- CALL 57 – Transfer 166
- CPU M1 File 166
- CALL 85 – Transfer 167
- DH485 Common 167
- Interface File 167
- CALL 91 – Write BASIC 168
- Output Buffer to Remote 168
- DH485 Data File 168
- Output Functions 12-19 169
- 12-20 Output Functions 170
- CALL 93 – Write Output 172
- Buffer to Remote DH485 172
- Common Interface File 172
- Output Functions 12-23 173
- CALL 94 – Display 174
- Current PRT1 Port Setup 174
- CALL 96 – Clear PRT1 174
- CALL 112 – User LED 175
- CALL 114 – Transmit DF1 176
- CALL 115 – Check DF1 177
- XMIT Status 177
- CALL 123 – Write to 178
- Remote DF1 PLC Data 178
- on the PLC-2 180
- Output Functions 12-31 181
- 12-32 Output Functions 182
- Output Functions 12-33 183
- PH0., PH1 187
- 12-40 Output Functions 190
- Input Functions 191
- CALL 22 – Transfer Data 192
- CPU Files 192
- Input Functions 13-5 195
- 13-6 Input Functions 196
- CALL 27 – Read Remote 198
- DH485 SLC Data File 198
- • 2 - SLC Typed Read 200
- Input Functions 13-11 201
- • 0 – Successful completion 204
- CALL 35 – Get Numeric 205
- Input Character from 205
- CALL 53 – Transfer CPU 207
- Output Image to BASIC 207
- Input Buffer 207
- CALL 56 – Transfer CPU 208
- M0 File to BASIC Input 208
- CALL 84 – Transfer 209
- DH485 Interface File to 209
- BASIC Input Buffer 209
- CALL 90 – Read Remote 210
- DH485 Data File to 210
- Input Functions 13-21 211
- (x2) of remote device file] 212
- CALL 92 – Read Remote 213
- Interface File to BASIC 213
- CALL 117 – Get DF1 215
- Packet Length 215
- CALL 118 – PLC/SLC 216
- Unsolicited Writes 216
- 13-28 Input Functions 218
- Input Functions 13-29 219
- CALL 122 – Read Remote 220
- DF1 PLC Data File 220
- Input Functions 13-33 223
- • 0 – CPU input image file 224
- • 1 – CPU M1 file 224
- • 2 – Internal string 224
- Input Functions 13-35 225
- 13-36 Input Functions 226
- 13-46 Input Functions 236
- Setup Functions 237
- CALL 78 – Set Program 238
- Port Baud Rate 238
- CALL 99 – Reset Print 239
- Head Pointer 239
- CALL 105 – Reset PRT1 to 240
- Default Settings 240
- CALL 119 – Reset PRT2 to 240
- Setup Functions 14-5 241
- String Functions 243
- CALL 61 – String Append 244
- CALL 62 – Number to 245
- String Conversion 245
- CALL 63 – String to 246
- Number Conversion 246
- CALL 64 – Find a String 248
- CALL 65 – Replace a 249
- String in a String 249
- CALL 66 – Insert a String 250
- CALL 67 – Delete a 251
- CALL 68 – Find the 252
- Length of a String 252
- String Functions 15-11 253
- ERROR: MEMORY 253
- Conversion Table 255
- Reference Guide 257
- within destination file] 258
- within source file] 258
- [CTRL-C].*4-3 263
- [CTRL-S].4-8 263
- Index iii 269
- Index v 271
- Index vii 273
- Index ix 275
- Index xi 277
- Back Cover 280
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